3/10/2023 0 Comments Pica syndrome mental illness![]() ![]() ![]() F9 Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence.F8 Disorders of psychological development.F6 Disorders of personality and behaviour in adult persons.F5 Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors.F4 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders.F2 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders.F1 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of psychoactive substances.F0 Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders.Chapter V focuses on "mental and behavioural disorders" and consists of 10 main groups: The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is an international standard diagnostic classification for a wide variety of health conditions. Debates continued and developed about the definition of mental illness, the medical model, categorical vs dimensional approaches, and whether and how to include suffering and impairment criteria. The DSM and ICD developed, partly in synch, in the context of mainstream psychiatric research and theory. This system was adopted by the Veterans Administration in the United States and strongly influenced the DSM. In 1945, Menninger advanced a classification scheme synthesizing ideas of the time into five major groups. Jellife and White created a scheme including neuroses like " shellshock" and disorders such as " dementia praecox" and manic-depressive psychoses. Meyer advanced a mixed biosocial scheme that emphasized the reactions and adaptations of the whole organism to life experiences. Early 20th Century schemes in Europe and the United States reflected a brain disease model that had emerged during the 19th Century, as well as some ideas from Darwin's theory of evolution and/or Freud's psychoanalytic theories. Individuals behaviors that had long been recognized came to be grouped into syndromes, notably by Pinel and then Kraepelin. Evolution in the scientific concepts of psychopathology (literally referring to diseases of the mind) took hold in the late 18th and 19th centuries following the Renaissance and Enlightenment. They held that dysfunction in the brain as well as the rest of the body was due to imbalances in the four humors. In Ancient Greece, Hippocrates and his followers are generally credited with the first classification system for mental llnesses, including mania, melancholia, and paranoia. Generally there is a significant scientific debate about the relative merits of a categorical system or a dimensional system (also known as a continuum or spectrum system), as well as significant controversy about the role of science and values in classification schemes and the professional, legal and social uses to which they are put. Other manuals are used by those of alternative theoretical persuasions, such as the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual. Other classification schemes may be in use more locally, for example the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders. Both list categories of disorders thought to be distinct types, and have deliberately converged their codes in recent revisions so that the manuals are often broadly comparable, although significant differences remain. There are currently two widely established systems for classifying mental illness - Chapter V of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) produced by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). The classification of mental disorder is a key aspect of psychiatry and other mental health professions and an important issue for users and providers of mental health services. ![]()
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